Deoxyribonucleic acid – DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid – DNA

1. DNA is a nucleic acid.
2. It contains the genetic instructions of all known living organisms.
3. DNA segments are called genes.
4. It consists of two polymers (long) of simple units called nucleotides.
5. The wide of DNA chain is 22 to 26 Ångströms
6. DNA polymer is a very large molecule which contains millions of nucleotide.
7.The sugar in DNA (2-deoxyribose) are joined together by phosphate groups.
8. DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar residues.
9. Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotides
10. Nucleotide is triphosphate deoxyribonucleoside.
11. Four types of nucleotides are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

DNA replication and DNA computing

DNA replication
1. Replication is important for growth and repair of damage, but also for reproduction.
2. It is a fundamental process occurs in all living organisms to copy their DNA.
3. It can performed outside a cell (in vitro).
4. Artificial DNA primers initiate the DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template molecule.
5. Two requirements of DNA replication are-
1. A DNA template. 2. A free 3' -OH group.
6. It is a semi-conservative process.
7. One strand act as the template for the second strand.
8. DNA replication is initiated at a region on a chromosome.

DNA computing

1. It uses DNA, biochemistry and molecular biology.
2. DNA computing ( molecular computing) is a fast developing terdisciplinary area.
3. There are multiple methods for building a computing device based on DNA.They are build up of the basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT) and also some of the different bases include deoxyoligonucleotides, DNAzymes, enzymes, DNA tiling, and polymerase chain reaction.